Izihlungi zenjini ziyingxenye esemqoka yezinjini zesimanje zangaphakathi ezivuthayo. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukuhlunga nokukhipha ukungcola emoyeni, kuphethiloli, namafutha okugcoba engena enjinini, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuhlanzeka nokusebenza kahle kwezingxenye zenjini yangaphakathi. Njengesithiyo esivikelayo enjinini, ukusebenza kwesihlungi kuthinta ngqo impilo yenjini, ukonga kukaphethiloli, nokulawula ukungcola. Badlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni yezimoto, yezokwakha, eyasolwandle, kanye neyokundiza imbala.
I. Ukuhlelwa Kwesihlungi kanye Nemisebenzi Eyinhloko
Ngokuya ngemidiya yokuhlunga, izihlungi zenjini zihlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko zibe izigaba ezintathu: izihlungi zomoya, izihlungi zikaphethiloli, nezihlungi zikawoyela. Uhlobo ngalunye luvimba ngokuqondile ukungcola okuvela oketshezini oluthile.
1. Izihlungi Zomoya: Ukuvikela Ukuhlanzeka komoya Okungenayo
Isihlungi somoya, esisekupheleni kwesistimu yokungenisa injini, sinesibopho sokususa izinhlayiya eziqinile njengothuli, impova, nesihlabathi emoyeni. Uma lokhu kungcola okuncane kungena kusilinda, kungasheshisa ukuguga ezingxenyeni ezifana namaringi episton neziqondiso zamavalvu, futhi kungase kubangele nokuklwebheka kusilinda block. Izihlungi zomoya zesimanje zivame ukusebenzisa-iphepha lokuhlunga eliyinhlanganisela yezendlalelo eziningi noma{3}}izindwangu ezingalukiwe. Eminye imikhiqizo{5}}ephezulu futhi ihlanganisa izendlalelo zekhabhoni ecushiwe ukuze imunce amagesi ayingozi. Idizayini yabo yesakhiwo ngokuvamile ihlanganisa imidiya yokuhlunga, ekhulisa umthamo wokubamba uthuli ngokwandisa indawo yokuxhumana. Kuhlanganiswe nokuhlunga okomile noma okumanzi (okugeza ngamafutha), kufinyelela ibhalansi phakathi kokungena okuphumelelayo nokugeleza komoya okubushelelezi.
2. Isihlungi Samafutha: Vimbela Ukungcola Ekuvaleni Uhlelo Lomjovo
Ngesikhathi sokugcina nokuthutha, uphethiloli ungase ungcoliswe amanzi, ama-colloid, nemfucumfucu yensimbi. Uma ingahlungi, ingena ngokuqondile-kuhlelo lomjovo wokucindezela okukhulu, okubangela ukuvaleka komjovo, ukuguga kwepompo, ngisho nokuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kukaphethiloli. Izihlungi zamafutha zihlukanisa ukungcola zisebenzisa i-mesh enembayo noma isici sokuhlunga se-ceramic, futhi zihlanganisa nomsebenzi wokuhlukanisa amanzi (njengoba kuvamile ngezihlungi zedizili). Amanye amamodeli asebenzisa-idizayini yokuhlunga esiteji ezimbili, into eyinhloko yesihlungi ibamba izinhlayiya ezinkulu kanye nengxenye yesibili ephatha ama-micron-osayizi bokungcola, iqinisekisa izindinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu zokuhlanzeka kukaphethiloli ngaphambi kokungena endaweni evuthayo{6}} Isihlungi Samafutha: Ukugcina Isikhathi Eside-Isistimu Yokusebenza Yokugcoba
Uwoyela wenjini uyajikeleza, uthwele izinsalela zensimbi, imikhiqizo ye-oxidation, nezinsalela zokuvutha. Uma lokhu kungcola kungasuswa ngokushesha, kungabhebhethekisa ukuguga okungavamile ezingxenyeni ezinyakazayo njengamabheringi nama-crankshafts. Izihlungi zikawoyela zisebenzisa i-spin-izihlungi ezivuliwe noma ezishintshwayo ukuze zithwebule ukungcola ngokunemba kokuhlunga kwama-microns angu-5 kuya kwangu-30 kuyilapho kugcinwa i-viscosity kawoyela nomsebenzi ongeziwe. Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obufana nezihlungi ze-rotary centrifugal zingaphinda zihlukanise izinhlayiya ze-ultrafine ngamandla amaphakathi, kuqhubeke kwandise impilo kawoyela.
II. I-Evolution yezobuchwepheshe kanye ne-Material Innovation
Ngokuthambekela okwandayo ezinjinini ezincane neziphakeme{0}ezinamandla, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlunga buyaqhubeka buthuthukela ekuhlungeni okuseqophelweni eliphezulu, impilo ende yesevisi, kanye nokuqapha okuhlakaniphile. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwemidiya yesihlungi esiyinhlanganisela ye-nanofiber kukhuphule umthamo wokubamba uthuli wezihlungi zomoya ngaphezu kuka-40% ngaphakathi kwevolumu efanayo. Izihlungi zikaphethiloli ziya ngokuya zihlanganisa izinzwa zokucindezela okuhlukile, zinikeza{4}}impendulo yesikhathi sangempela mayelana nezimo zokuvala kanye nesixwayiso sezidingo zokunakekelwa. Ezinye izihlungi zikawoyela-eziphezulu zisebenzisa i-synthetic fiber media, egcina ukusebenza kokuhlunga okuzinzile ngisho nakumazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwephepha lokuhlunga elibolayo elinobungani nemvelo nezinto ezigaywe kabusha nakho kusekela ukuzibophezela kwemboni ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme.
III. Amaphuzu Abalulekile Wokulungisa kanye Nemijikelezo Yokumiselela
Ukusebenza kahle kwesihlungi kuncipha ngokuya ngeminyaka, okwenza ukuhlola okuvamile nokushintshwa kube okubalulekile ekugcineni impilo yenjini. Izincomo ezijwayelekile:
•Isihlungi Somoya: Shintshanisa njalo amakhilomitha angu-10,000 kuya kwangu-20,000, noma kaningi kuye ngokugxilwa kothuli oluzungezile;
•Isihlungi Samafutha: Shintshanisa njalo amakhilomitha angu-20,000 kuya kwangu-40,000, ngokuvamile ezimotweni zikadizili;
•Isihlungi Samafutha: Faka esikhundleni kanye kanye namafutha enjini (ngokuvamile njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-5,000 kuya kwangu-10,000).
Ukunakekela okungalungile (njengokungashintshi isihlungi isikhathi eside noma ukusebenzisa izimela ezisezingeni eliphansi) kungaholela ekwehleni kokusebenza kwenjini, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ngisho nokwehluleka okungazelelwe. Abasebenzisi kufanele bakhethe ngokuqinile amamodeli angempela noma ahambisanayo aqinisekisiwe futhi banamathele ezimisweni ezinconyiwe zomkhiqizi.
Isiphetho
"Njengomnakekeli ongabonakali" wesistimu yenjini, isihlungi, nakuba sibonakala silula ngesakhiwo, siyingxenye ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphuma kwamandla okuzinzile nokuqina. Njengoba imboni yezimoto iguqukela ekufakweni kukagesi nasekushayeleni ngobuhlakani, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlunga bendabuko buhlanganisa izinto ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe bezinzwa. Lokhu kuzoqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngosekelo oluqinile ezinjinini ezisebenza kahle, eziphansi{2}ezinekhabhoni evuthayo yangaphakathi namasistimu ayingxube. Ukunaka okuvamile nokugcinwa kwesihlungi sesayensi akuyona nje indlela ephumelelayo yokwelula impilo yemoto yakho, kodwa futhi kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekusebenziseni umqondo wokuhamba okuzinzile.